Evaluation of the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nasal swabs to natural honey

Introduction: Bacterial resistance to antibacterial agents is a very serious threat to public health. Where some antibacterial agents prove ineffective, the antibacterial properties of honey have been shown to be highly efficacious against several human bacterial pathogens. The purpose of this study is to investigate the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the nursing staff of a hospital to natural honey.Methods: In this study, 35 strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus samples were selected from hospital staff’s nasal swabs. Two strains were vancomycin-resistant. The serial dilution tube test methodwas used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The susceptibility of each strain of staph bacteria to natural honey without wax was determined and compared with that of a glucose solution with the same density.Results: In all strains, except for the two strains resistant to vancomycin, MIC level was <8.3% (v/v). The MIC of glucose as dense as honey was four times higher. The two vancomycin-resistant strains were completely resistant to natural honey.Conclusions: This study has therefore demonstrated that inhibiting bacterial growth is not merely done by purely natural honey not because of osmolality, but vancomycin-resistant bacteria are not sensitive to natural honey. Key words: Sensitivity, Staphylococcus aureus, natural honey, minimum inhibitory concentratio

Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aurous Isolated from Nasal Swabs to Natural Honey

Introduction: Bacterial resistance to antibacterial agents is a very serious threat to public health. Where some antibacterial agents prove ineffective, the antibacterial properties of honey have been shown to be highly efficacious against several human bacterial pathogens. The purpose of this study is to investigate the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the nursing staff of a hospital to natural honey. Methods: In this study, 35 strains of methicillin-resistant S. aurous samples were selected from hospital staff's nasal swabs. Two strains were vancomycin-resistant. The serial dilution tube test methodwas used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) .The susceptibility of each strain of staph bacteria to natural honey without wax was determined and compared with that of a glucose solution with the same density. Results: In all strains, except for the two strains resistant to vancomycin, MIC level was < 8.3% (v/v). The MIC of glucose as dense as honey was four times higher. The two vancomycin-resistant strains were completely resistant to natural honey. Conclusions: This study has therefore demonstrated that inhibiting bacterial growth is not merely done by purely natural honey not because of osmolality, but vancomycin-resistant bacteria are not sensitive to natural honey. Keywords: sensitivity, Staphylococcus aurous, natural honey, minimum inhibitory concentratio

Morphological and molecular identification of brown algae, Padina sp. in Lengeh Port, Persian Gulf

Brown algae, Padina sp., are found across tropical coastal areas as well as inter-tidal and sub-tidal regions. The aim of this research was to identify the morphological and molecular characteristics of the Padina species distributed across Port Lengeh in the Persian Gulf using morphological examinations and rbcL chloroplast gene sequencing. For this purpose, morphological features were undertaken using valid identification keys. For the molecular analysis, genomic DNA was extracted through slightly modified CTAB. The amplification of fragments was carried out using rbcL primers. The analysis of genome sequences was undertaken using Chromas, BioEdit and MEGA6 and the phylogenetic trees were constructed through Neighbor Joining (NJ) and Maximum Likelihood (ML). The results indicated that there was a 99% chance that the two identified Padina species (P. boergessenii and P. australis) belonged to the same cluster and that there were large genetic similarities among the compared Padina species registered in GenBank

Epidemiologic characteristics of orthopedic surgical site infections and under-reporting estimation of registries using capture-recapture analysis

Background: Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are among the leading causes of the postoperative complications. This study aimed at investigating the epidemiologic characteristics of orthopedic SSIs and estimating the under-reporting of registries using the capture-recapture method. Methods: This study, which was a registry-based, cross-sectional one, was conducted in six educational hospitals in Tehran during a one-year period, from March, 2017 to March, 2018. The data were collected from two hospital registries (National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System (NNIS) and Health Information Management database (HIM)). First, all orthopedic SSIs registered in these sources were used to perform capture-recapture (N = 503). Second, 202 samples were randomly selected to assess patients` characteristics. Results: Totally, 76.24 of SSIs were detected post-discharge. Staphylococcus aureus (11.38) was the most frequently detected bacterium in orthopedic SSIs. The median time between the detection of a SSI and the discharge was 17 days. The results of a study done on 503 SSIs showed that the coverage of NNIS and HIM was 59.95 and 65.17, respectively. After capture-recapture estimation, it was found that about 221 of orthopedic SSIs were not detected by two sources among six hospitals and the real number of SSIs were estimated to be 623 ± 36.58 (95 CI, 552�695) and under-reporting percentage was 63.32. Conclusion: To recognize the trends of SSIs mortality and morbidity in national level, it is significant to have access to a registry with minimum underestimated data. Therefore, according to the weak coverage of NNIS and HIM among Iranian hospitals, a plan for promoting the national Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) programs and providing updated protocols is recommended. © 2021, The Author(s)

Throughput analysis of full-duplex communication cognitive radio network

In this paper we deal with the throughput of full-duplex cognitive communication radio which exploits unused band of primary user (PU) network. Classical cognitive radio uses half-duplex communication spectrum sensing to perform spectrum sensing and data transmission at different time intervals. It’s well-established fact that in half-duplex communication cognitive radio spectrum sensing time increases at low SNR which gives rise to lesser data transmission time for secondary user (SU) and hence results in less throughput for SU. It’s useful idea to do spectrum sensing and data transmission at the same time with two different antennas co-located on the SU transceiver. This shall not only guarantee high probability of detection of PU but also increased data transmission which means more throughput for SU. However, simultaneous sensing and data transmission has inherent problem of self-interference. One of the possible solution is to use polarisation discrimination in which sensing and data transmission antennas must use different polarisation. This is feasible if there is prior information about the polarisation of the signals emitted by the PUs. It shall be of special interest to assess throughput using analytical expressions for probability of detection PD, probability of false alarm PFA at various values of SNR for time-slotted cognitive radio which uses half-duplex spectrum sensing and non-time-slotted cognitive radio which uses full-duplex communication cognitive radio

QSAR study between LC50 of linear simple conjugated polyene compounds in fish and UV maximum wave length by the use of Randic index

In this study, the relationship is demonstrated between the Randic index and the calculated scales of LC50 in 96 h for fish by the use of EPI-suit v3.12 package, with maximum UV wavelength (λmax) for the linear simple conjugated polyenes. The interesting results of concerning among these calculated scales of LC50. λmax, and the Randic index for this compounds are presented. It seems that these results can use in environmental and chemical laboratory of veterinary studies

Theoretical and Quantitative Structural Relationships of the Electrochemical Properties of [M@C 82]@[SWCNT(5,5)-armchair-C nH 20] (M = La, Y and n = 20-300) Nanostructure Complexes

Carbon nanotubes are either single-walled (SWCNTs) or multiwalled, and the former attract more attention due to their unique electronic, optical, and spectroscopic properties. One of the main recognized structures of carbon nanotubes is the (5,5) armchair single-walled carbon nanotube. Endohedral metalofullerenes of the form M@C were introduced as an important class of spherical fullerene group with unique properties. Formation of endohedral metallofullerenes is thought to involve the transfer of electrons from the encapsulated metal atom(s) to the surrounding fullerene cage. Two of these molecules are La@C (a) and Y@C (b). To establish a good understand of structural relationship between the structures of the molecules La@C , Y@C , and SWCNT(5,5)-armchair-C H (n = 20-190) (1-18), the number of carbon atoms (n) of the SWCNTs was used as one of the useful numerical and structural electrochemical properties of the unsaturated compounds. The relationships between this index and the first and second free energies of electron transfer (Δ G , n = 1, 2), as assessed using the Rehm-Weller equation on the basis of the first and second oxidation potentials ( E and E ) of La@C and Y@C for the predicted supramolecular complexes, between 1- 18 and 19- 29, with the endohedral-metalofullerenes La@C and Y@C as [M@C ]@[SWCNT(5,5)-armchair-C H ] (M = La, Y and n = 20-190; 30- 47 and 48- 65) are presented. The results were extended for [M@C ]@[SWCNT(5,5)-armchair-C H ] (M = La, Y and n = 200-300; 66- 76 and 77- 87)

Chemical composition of the essential oil of Pelargonium quercetorum Agnew. of Iran

The volatile constituents in the essential oil of Pelargonium quercetorum Agnew., growing wild in Kurdistan, Iran were investigated through GC and GC/MS technique. Twenty-six compounds, representing 21 (80.77%) of the total oil were identified. The main components were: alpha-pinene (25.28%), alpha-fenchyl acetate (20.63%), limonene (9.94%), beta-caryophyllene (8.20%), camphene (4.31%), delta-cadinene (3.32%), beta-pinene (3.21%), alpha-amorphene (2.80%), valencene (2.73%), ledene (2.25%) and p-cymene (1.63%)